Category Archives: Caribbean

A New Venture with Global Scholars Canada

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I have had a wonderful and fulfilling full-time teaching career, which began some thirty years ago at Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School and continued through my move to Roberts Wesleyan University and Northeastern Seminary.

I formally retired from the Seminary in 2024 and have since focused on writing (though as Emeritus Professor I will still teach from time to time).

I am currently working on two books (both are partially complete). One is on the ethics of power in 1 Samuel 1–15 (contracted with Eerdmans). The other is on the liberating worldview of the Scriptures (for Baker Academic); this is a complete rewrite of The Transforming Vision, the book I coauthored with Brian Walsh when we were both graduate students.

Discernment Process

When I retired, I had a clear sense that writing was going to be my major focus (I have three other book contracts beyond the two mentioned above). But I have also been in a period of discernment for new ventures that God might be calling me to.

Here is a somewhat humorous poem I wrote the year before I retired, while on a retreat at the Gell Center in the Finger Lakes (a beautiful rural area south of Rochester, NY where I live). I broke up some of my sentences to mimic my breathing as I climbed uphill.

Uphill All the Way

J. Richard Middleton

Panting and huffing, he lugged 
his sixty-eight-year-old frame 
over rotting logs, snagging 
his foot on a broken limb, stumbled, yet doggedly 
kept ascending the steep climb. No 
horizon in sight. Just trees, trees as far as vision. Yet 
far easier to make out than his future 
after retirement. After 
twenty-seven years of pouring
his heart out 
to indifferent students, 
grading mediocre papers (and the odd 
brilliant piece), correcting 
bad grammar. It was time. Something 
new beckoned. If only 
he could see what it was.

October 2023
Gell Center, Finger Lakes

Contrary to the poem (which is only partly autobiographical), I’ve had excellent students throughout the years, who have gone on to do wonderful things for God’s kingdom. I’ve had the joy and privilege of keeping in touch with many of them.

Post-Retirement Opportunities

Since retirement, I have kept getting invitations to speak on topics close to my heart for various organizations, and I certainly could just take up such opportunities as they arise. But I have been wondering if there is a more strategic way to use my gifts and academic experience.

Being originally from the Caribbean, I have been especially interested in theological education for the global church. I’ve kept in touch with Jamaica Theological Seminary (where I earned my BTh) and the Caribbean Graduate School of Theology (where I taught while on sabbatical some years back). Both schools have recently contacted me about being involved in a variety of ways, including teaching, faculty development, and integrating a Christian worldview into the curriculum.

I am also a Canadian, having lived fifteen years in Ontario, where I worked as a campus minister and completed two graduate degrees, prior to my teaching career in the USA.

My period of discernment led me to join Global Scholars Canada (GSC), an organization that links Canadian scholars in a variety of fields with opportunities for teaching and mentoring in the Majority World.

Peter Schuurman, the director of Global Scholars Canada (GSC), wrote a short piece introducing me to the GSC community.

My Vision and Mission

I am hoping to leverage my Canadian and Jamaican experience and my expertise in biblical studies and the Christian worldview to help other scholars, whether in Canada or other countries, bring their faith to bear on their academic vocation in a way that witnesses to God’s kingdom purposes for the redemption of all of life.

I see my mission as raising the level of biblical literacy among Christian academics, but also among pastors and laypeople, by immersing them in serious, yet inspiring and practical, study of Scripture.

My fuller vision and mission statement can be found on my Global Scholars Canada webpage.

I am coming on board Global Scholars Canada as a part-time global scholar. Full-time scholars typically get placed in teaching positions overseas, negotiated between GSC and the hiring institution, with GSC helping to raise funds to supplement what the hiring institution is unable to cover.

Given that I have been ministering “overseas” since I left Jamaica as a young adult, and that I am part-time, my situation is somewhat different. I will be involved in specific short-term assignments that Global Scholars Canada will set up, such as speaking at conferences or mentoring young academics.

Two Specific Assignments

Global Scholars Canada is a partner with the Society of Christian Scholars, an international community of Christian academics that developed from a consultation (some sixteen years ago) of eleven scholars from six countries. The Society has numerous individual and organizational partners and affiliates throughout the world.

One of the affiliates is the Caribbean Network of Christian Scholars.

My very first assignment as a global scholar was an invitation that came through a member of the Caribbean Network, who is the librarian for the Society of Christian Scholars. I will be doing an online presentation for the Society’s Library Reading Group meeting in June 2026. I’ve been asked to introduce the article I wrote for the book of Caribbean theology that I coedited with Garnett Roper some years ago (the article explores a creation theology for the Caribbean).

My next assignment will be to give a paper at the first international conference sponsored by the Society of Christian Scholars, which will be held at the Pan-African Christian University in Nairobi, Kenya, in early August 2026. My paper is entitled “The Vocation of the Christian Scholar: A Caribbean Biblical Studies Perspective.”

At the urging of Global Scholars Canada, I will be taking along a younger scholar, Chris Landon (who is currently working on his PhD at McMaster Divinity College), as a mentee. He may also be presenting a paper at the conference.

Although the conference is only a few days, it will be quite an undertaking, given the travel (and recovery) time and the cost of airfare and conference registration (which includes lodging and food).

Fundraising—Something I don’t Usually Do

Global Scholars Canada is committed to covering 90% of the cost of any mentees attending the conference (so they will cover this for Chris). They don’t cover quite as much for their scholars. But I am extremely grateful that their contribution will reimburse about half my expenses. I will need to raise the other half (which comes to about USD 1,100 = CAD 1,500).

Anyone interested in contributing towards these expenses (as charitable giving in the US or Canada), can check out the relevant links below. It will be much appreciated.

The Global Scholars Canada website has a list of different ways to give (online or by cheque) in support of their scholars. The first four ways are for Canadian donations (you just designate the scholar you are supporting).

The fifth way takes you to the website of the Society of Christian Scholars, where you can make a USD donation online or by a mailed check (with the scholar designated).

Newsletter

I will soon be starting a quarterly newsletter, reporting on some of my activities for Global Scholars Canada; if you are interested in receiving this, you can sign up on my GSC webpage (scroll down to the end for the sign-up form).

You’re invited to join me in this new adventure!


The Lyrical Genius of Bob Marley

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As a follow-up to my post on Bob Marley’s song “One Love / People Get Ready,” let me recommend three important works (two books and one article) on the lyrics of Bob Marley’s songs.

Bob Marley: Lyrical Genius

The first is a wonderful analysis of Marley’s lyrics, album-by-album (from Catch a Fire to Confrontation), by the internationally famous poet, Kwame Dawes.

Dawes was born in Ghana, but spent his childhood and early adult life in Jamaica, before moving to the USA. Bob Marley: Lyrical Genius is published in at least two editions (Sanctuary Publishing, 2002; and Bobcat Books, 2007).

The Bible and Bob Marley: Half the Story Has Never Been Told

An excellent analysis of how Marley uses the Bible in his songs is The Bible and Bob Marley: Half the Story Has Never Been Told (Cascade, 2013), by Dean MacNeil (I read a prepublication version and wrote an endorsement for this book).

The book doesn’t analyze every biblical reference but focuses on the two main ways Marley’s lyrics appeal to the Bible. The first is his use of wisdom themes from Proverbs and elsewhere in the Old Testament and the second is his use of language from Paul’s epistles in the New Testament to articulate his mission as a Rasta / reggae ambassador to the world.

Dean MacNeil is a jazz musician who for many years taught a summer course on Bob Marley at the Berklee School of Music, which resulted in a student band doing a concert of Marley’s songs at the end of the semester. He has an MA in theology from Loyola Marymount University.

Soon Come: Jamaican Spirituality, Jamaican Poetics

One of the best essays on Bob Marley’s spirituality is chapter 7 in Hugh Hodges’s excellent book, Soon Come: Jamaican Spirituality, Jamaican Poetics (University of Virginia Press, 2008).

Hodges is a Brit teaching literature in Canada. He did his PhD at the University of Toronto with the famous Jamaican poet Lorna Goodison. His chapter on Marley is called, “Walk Good: Bob Marley and the Oratorical Tradition.” In it he suggests that Marley’s performances have a call-and-response character, where Marley functions like a Pentecostal or charismatic preacher, and his albums (especially Survival and Uprising) have the rhetorical power of charismatic sermons.

The Subversive Spirituality of Reggae

On February 17, 2023 I gave a presentation called “The Subversive Spirituality of Reggae: ‘Resisting against the System’ in the Music of Bob Marley & the Wailers,” in Rochester, NY. It was held at the Joy Gallery. Thanks to artist and RIT professor, Luvon Sheppard, for hosting us. The presentation was sponsored by the Rochester Jamaican Organization in celebration of Reggae Month.

The Genius of Bob Marley’s “One Love / People Get Ready”

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Bob Marley’s “One Love / People Get Ready” transforms Curtis Mayfield’s original song in the direction of mercy and grace for “hopeless sinners.”

“One Love” was clearly influenced by the Curtis Mayfield song “People Get Ready” (recorded with the Impressions in 1965). The way Marley quotes (and changes) the lyrics of the Mayfield song amounts to a critique of the self-righteousness of many in the church (and in the wider society).

Curtis Mayfield’s “People Get Ready“

Mayfield’s song is about the salvation train and what it takes to get on board. The second verse says:

Open the doors and board ’em
There’s hope for all
Among those loved the most

But the next verse goes on to say:

There ain’t no room for the hopeless sinner
Who would hurt all mankind just to save his own (believe me now)
Have pity on those whose chances grow thinner
For there is no hiding place against the Kingdom’s Throne

“People Get Ready” is a wonderful song that functioned as an anthem in the American civil rights movement. And I have no intention of denigrating the song or the way it functioned.

Mayfield’s song makes a clear distinction between “those loved the most,” who have a place on the salvation train, and “hopeless sinners.” It claims that there’s no room for these sinners on the salvation train; they are “hopeless.”

While the song goes on to say that we should have pity on these sinners, the reason is that they will inevitably experience judgment (with “no hiding place”).

Now, I don’t deny that there is a real distinction to be made between someone who seeks love and justice and the person “who would hurt all mankind just to save his own.” Nor would Bob Marley.

The question is whether we can decide who fits into which category and so who is excluded from the salvation train. Who do we think are the “hopeless sinners”? This is especially important in our time of toxic polarization and identity politics in American society.

Marley himself had to address this sort of polarization in Jamaica, given the tradition of warring gangs, each of which was aligned with one of the two main political parties.

Bob Marley’s “One Love”

So Marley uses these key lines from “People Get Ready” in “One Love,” while changing “against the Kingdom’s Throne” to “from the Father of Creation.” Whereas “Kingdom’s Throne” suggests judgment, “the Father of Creation” suggests one who loves us.

That is why Marley prefaces these lines with his desire that the sinners be saved (“there will be no, no doom”).

In the quote below, “Armagiddyon” is Marley’s phonetic spelling of Armageddon, the symbolic place of the final battle between good and evil. Marley suggests that we should be fighting this battle now; and we should be fighting against evil (not against the sinners).

Let’s get together to fight
this Holy Armagiddyon (One Love!)
So when the Man comes
there will be no, no doom (One Song!)
Have pity on those
whose chances grows thinner
There ain’t no hiding place
from the Father of Creation

But perhaps the most profound lines of all in the song come in the first verse, where Marley challenges those who are scandalized by the radical forgiveness the gospel offers to sinners (that’s why they and “pass all their dirty remarks”).

Let them all pass all their dirty remarks (One Love!)
There is one question I’d really love to ask (One Heart!)
Is there a place for the hopeless sinner
Who has hurt all mankind
just to save his own?
Believe me: One Love . . . .

Note that Marley rephrases the statement in Mayfield’s “People Get Ready” that there is no room for these “hopeless sinners” into a question, raising the possibility of their redemption.

You can download the entire lyrics to “One Love / People Get Ready” here.

Both in his music and in his life, Marley actively sought to turn even “hopeless sinners” from their ways so they could be reconciled to God and to others.

The 1978 Peace Concert

A famous example is the 1978 Peace Concert in Kingston, Jamaica, in which Marley got Michael Manley and Edward Seaga, the leaders of the two opposing political parties in Jamaica, to join hands on stage as he prayed a blessing over them.

You can read an account of the events that led up to the concert in this 2022 article in the Jamaica Observer.

This documentary about the concert also explains the situation that led up to the concert (and the temporary reconciliation between rival political gangs; sadly, it did not last).

The actual concert footage is quite long. If you want to see the section where Bob calls up the leaders of the two political parties and pronounces a blessing on them, go to the 1-hour and 17-minute mark (this section is about four minutes long). Bob’s antics on stage remind me of a Pentecostal preacher calling down the power of the Spirit.

In my next post, I’ll recommend some writings that analyze the lyrics of Marley’s songs:

Kwame Dawes, Bob Marley: Lyrical Genius

Dean MacNeil, The Bible and Bob Marley: Half the Story Has Never Been Told 

Hugh Hodges,  Soon Come: Jamaican Spirituality, Jamaican Poetics, chap. 7: “Walk Good: Bob Marley and the Oratorical Tradition”

The Subversive Spirituality of Reggae

On February 17, 2023 I gave a presentation called “The Subversive Spirituality of Reggae: ‘Resisting against the System’ in the Music of Bob Marley & the Wailers,” in Rochester, NY. It was held at the Joy Gallery. Thanks to artist and RIT professor, Luvon Sheppard, for hosting us. The presentation was sponsored by the Rochester Jamaican Organization in celebration of Reggae Month.